Most Americans use AI. Most Americans oppose having a data center near their home. These are the same people
While writing this article, I couldn’t stop thinking about this quote from Tartuffe, Molière's 1664 portrait of a man who masks appetite behind virtue. In its most famous scene, he demands that something visible be hidden, a demand made by the very man who cannot stop looking at it. No spectator is fooled. The discomfort is about being asked to see what everyone already knows is there.
Most Americans use AI. Most Americans oppose having a data center near their home. These are the same people.
The standard response to opposition is that communities don’t understand what they’re opposing. They do. Knowing more makes them more opposed, not less.
People support wind power, renewable energy, and AI in the abstract. They reliably oppose the infrastructure for all three in the specific. This is not a contradiction unique to AI.
Gas has the same supply chain problem. Nobody thinks about it anymore. That’s where AI infrastructure is probably headed too.
People oppose data centers
People use AI
We know they are the same people
Banksy intro for The Simpsons
Education is not the variable
It’s data centers, but also windmills, nuclear plants, etc.
The Natural state
On my facebook feed, a militant anti-data center post on the Facebook page “Arkansas History,” tagged “Life in Arkansas.” The image depicts a large crowd of people standing in a river, their bodies arranged to form the words “NOT ONE DROP FOR DATA CENTERS.” The Arkansas flag is visible on a cliff in the background. The image is obviously AI-generated.
This article is about the obvious dissonance amongst AI users.
The map shows the geography of the emerging data center backlash and how it compares to states where Amazon, Google, Meta, and Microsoft (hyperscalers) have 50 MW> data center projects in the early planning stage. - source: Datacenterwatch.org
The communities with the most direct experience are the most opposed. In Virginia’s Loudoun County, data centers directly fund schools and suppress property taxes. A majority of residents still believe they are making their tax bills worse, and comfort with a local facility there has more than halved since 2023. Communities that benefit on paper are pushing back.
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People use AI
Most American adults have used AI tools, and adoption cuts across the same demographic lines as the opposition: across age, education, income, political affiliation.
Leon Festinger identified cognitive dissonance in 1957: when a person holds two conflicting beliefs simultaneously, the discomfort produced does not typically lead to changed behavior. It leads to mental reorganization (reframing, compartmentalization, selective attention) that allows both beliefs to coexist. Research on consumer behavior has documented this consistently across supply chain contexts for decades. AI has a widely consumed resource. The infrastructure behind it is visible, contested, and showing up in people’s backyards. That combination is what makes the dissonance legible right now.
The standard industry response to opposition is that affected communities don’t understand what they’re opposing. Bring information, the argument goes, and resistance softens. The same argument is made about women’s lower AI adoption rates: that the gap reflects a literacy problem.
Not because the public rejects renewable energy in principle, but because the public that supports it in the abstract reliably opposes the infrastructure for it in the specific.
NIMBY (Not In My Backyard) describes the gap between what people support as policy and what they accept as neighbors. Data centers are the latest version.
Buc-ee’s is infrastructure for fuel distribution. A data center is infrastructure for AI distribution. Both are the physical cost of a resource that people consume and expect to have available.
Gas is old enough that its supply chain has become invisible, and nobody standing at a pump thinks about the refinery, the pipeline, the tanker route, the extraction site. The infrastructure receded into the background decades ago, which is why a travel center the size of a small airport can open in a drought-stricken state, on land that was recently undeveloped, to widespread celebration.
AI is new enough that its infrastructure is still visible, still being built, still being contested. Once it settles into the background, as it always does, the opposition will likely follow the same arc. Probably?
Opposing data centers while using AI, welcoming a fuel distribution monument while living through a drought: the through line is our relationship to resources. We want what the infrastructure delivers. We would prefer the infrastructure somewhere else.
NA: AI-assisted tools were used for transcription, reference formatting, and language editing. All intellectual content and conclusions remain solely the author’s.
Love this.
Also add prisons to the list.